GOST 1050 (러시아 표준)은 탄소, 망간 및 불순물 수준을 확인하기 위해 화학 분석 (분광법을 통해)을 의무화합니다 (S<0.05%, P <0.045%). Mechanical tests include tensile (yield, tensile strength, elongation) and impact tests (for low-temperature grades). For critical applications (e.g., pressure vessels), ultrasonic or magnetic particle inspection detects surface/internal defects. The standard also requires hardness testing (Brinell or Rockwell) for heat-treated round steel, ensuring compliance with specified strength levels (e.g., 45 steel: 590 MPa tensile strength min).